India has issued a security alert in several states after an announcement by al-Qaeda of the formation of an Indian branch of the group.
In a video message, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said "al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent" would "raise the flag of jihad" across South Asia.
In the 55-minute video posted online, Zawahiri pledged renewed loyalty to Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Omar.
Correspondents say this is an apparent snub to Islamic State (IS) militants.
Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh met senior intelligence officials to discuss new security measures and to brief the prime minister.
India's intelligence and security services are studying the Zawahiri announcement video, which experts said appeared to be a reaction to IS's growing dominance.
Analysis, BBC security correspondent Frank GardnerIt was always going to be a challenge for Osama Bin Laden's successor to match his iconic status and maintain al-Qaeda as the most powerful jihadist group in the world.
Ayman Al-Zawahiri, the nominal leader of al-Qaeda, is a 63-year-old former Egyptian eye surgeon said to be long on words and short on charm.
For over a decade he has dodged drone strikes and hit squads by hiding out in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
But apart from issuing occasionally long-winded treatises and videos, his critics say he has allowed al-Qaeda to wither while Islamic State (IS) has grown into everything al-Qaeda tried - and failed - to be.
While al-Qaeda's remaining leaders hide away in farms and flats in Pakistan, IS has seized and held actual territory.
It has a de facto capital, Raqqa, a disciplined command structure, an estimated $2bn (£1.2bn) war chest.
It has the world's attention and despite its sadistic atrocities, it is enjoying a surge in recruitment that Zawahiri could only dream about.
A BBC correspondent in Delhi says although al-Qaeda has no presence on the ground in India, there is concern that it is trying to reach out to disaffected Muslim youths, especially in Kashmir and Gujarat.
Islamic militant groups operating in India are mostly connected to Kashmiri separatists and have links, tenuous at best, to al-Qaeda via Pakistan-based groups.
It is not surprising that Zawahiri speaks of Kashmir, Gujarat and Assam - three states where Muslims have been the victims of either anti-insurgency operations or religious riots, our correspondent adds.
Kashmir, India's only Muslim-majority state, has a long history of violence between separatists and security forces.
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