Ukraine's richest man has called for a mass rally for peace in the east of the country, accusing separatists of leading Ukraine towards "genocide".
Steel magnate Rinat Akhmetov, saying "people are tired of living in fear and terror", urged his tens of thousands of employees to lead the protests.
A similar initiative last week led to ethnic Russian separatists losing control of the town of Mariupol.
Meanwhile, Russia said its troops on Ukraine's border were set to withdraw.
Moscow moved tens of thousands of soldiers to western Russia, provoking fears they might be preparing a takeover of eastern Ukraine, following Russia's annexation of Crimea.
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Anatoly Antonov: "It's better when our ministers for defence are sitting at the same table"
Russian President Vladimir Putin on Monday ordered troops to pull back.
Nato said there was no sign of any redeployment having taken place - but on Tuesday, the Russian Deputy Defence Minister, Anatoly Antonov, told the BBC the process of withdrawal "had been started already".
Allegiance made clearUkraine is facing an insurgency in the east by pro-Russian rebels, who have taken control of areas including the major cities of Donetsk and Luhansk.
Ukraine will hold a presidential election on Sunday following the ousting of pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych by pro-European protesters in the capital, Kiev - but the election may not take place in rebel-held parts of the east.
Rinat Akhmetov, whose fortune is estimated at more than $11bn (£6.5bn), is one of the most influential people in eastern Ukraine.
His enterprises are based in the Donbass - the industrial east of Ukraine - where the insurgency is at its peak. Mr Akhmetov's employees number as many as 300,000, according to Reuters news agency.
His allegiances have until recently been in doubt, because of past links with Mr Yanukovych and business links with Russia.
But in an emergency address broadcast by his own Ukrayina TV channel, he issued a stinging criticism of the separatist rebellion.
He said Ukrainians should stage a "peaceful warning protest" at their workplaces from noon on Tuesday, and that action should continue daily "until peace is established".
Otherwise he foresaw the "genocide of Donbass".
The United Nations said last week that almost 130 people had been killed so far in the violence in the east.
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