The Syrian peace talks have resumed in Geneva, with the divisive issue of transfer of power set for discussion.
The government delegation has shown no indication that it will meet the opposition demand that President Bashar al-Assad step down.
Talks are also set to continue on allowing aid convoys into besieged areas of the city of Homs.
The government delegation says women and children may leave - but insists on a list of names of men who want to go.
'Many casualties'The peace talks resumed in Geneva at 10:00 GMT, the UN said, but gave no further details.
'There is no food'
Activist in Homs:
"There are people trapped inside Homs. No-one can get out or enter this besieged area. We have at least 3,000 to 4,000 innocent civilians inside besieged areas. Most of them [need to be] immediately evacuated from inside this area.
"It's so bad, after 600 days in a row under siege. There is no food. The last week we lost two innocent people, they died because of the lack of food. And we have many casualties, many people who are [ill] because of the lack of food inside the field hospital.
"Also, we have children, we have infants, they need milk, they need basic materials. We have elderly too, they need specific medicines. It's so hard, so difficult inside Homs."
Officially they are to tackle the potentially explosive question of transferring power, reports the BBC's Bridget Kendall in the Swiss city.
The opposition insists that Mr Assad must be replaced by a transitional administration, but the government delegation says his role should not be up for debate.
An opposition delegate, Monzer Akbik, said it was time to discuss the make-up of a transitional body.
He said: "The people not acceptable are the people who committed crimes against humanity and war crimes including Assad and his associates who have blood on their hands."
Our correspondent says that, while these discussions may take place, there will probably be new pressure on the government to comply with a UN plan to send humanitarian aid to Homs.
Syrian Deputy Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad said on Sunday that women and children were free to leave the city. He alleged armed groups were preventing them from doing so.
UN mediator Lakhdar Brahimi said he hoped a humanitarian convoy from the UN and the Red Cross would be able to go to Homs on Monday.
However, Mr Akbik said on Monday there was no progress to report on the convoy.
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Monzer Akbik said talks would focus on the humanitarian crisis as well as political transition
He said: "The city of Homs, the old city of Homs, is still under starvation siege and there is no progress also in the releasing of prisoners.
"The regime is saying that it's going to allow the convoys. There are 12 trucks of Red Crescent waiting there for the regime to allow them in, but they are not allowed yet."
Hundreds of people are reportedly trapped in the Old City of Homs, which has been under siege since June 2012.
One activist inside Homs told the BBC that there were many casualties and that people in the besieged area, including children and the elderly, lacked basic materials such as milk and medicine.
'Respect and exchange'Mr Brahimi admitted the Geneva talks were proceeding slowly but said that on Monday he "expected the two parties to make some general statement about the way forward".
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Lakhdar Brahimi: "Hopefully [from Monday] women and children will be able to leave the Old City in Homs"
He said it was "too early" to assess the prospects of a comprehensive deal.
The opposition and government are fundamentally divided over the aims of the conference.
The government has said the main issue of the talks is finding a solution to foreign-backed "terrorism".
The opposition, however, had insisted that the regime commit in writing to the Geneva I communique, which called for a transition process.
The opposition has also been asking for the release of thousands of prisoners in government detention.
Geneva Communique
A UN-backed meeting in 2012 issued the document and urged Syria to:
- Form transitional governing body
- Start national dialogue
- Review constitution and legal system
- Hold free and fair elections
Mr Brahimi said he would hold a joint session with the government and opposition on Monday morning before meeting the sides separately in the afternoon.
He said he had been encouraged by the atmosphere at the talks on Sunday, saying they had been characterised by "respect and exchange".
No direct words had been exchanged between the delegations but the two sides were talking to each other through him.
Syria's civil conflict has claimed well over 100,000 lives since it began in 2011.
The violence has also driven 9.5 million people from their homes, creating a major humanitarian crisis within Syria and for its neighbours.
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