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The BBC's Jonah Fisher: "There's a nastier feel to things today...we've seen some pretty horrible things"
Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra has rejected protesters' demands that she step down, amid fresh clashes in Bangkok.
Ms Yingluck said the demands were not possible under the constitution, but that she remained open to talks.
More clashes broke out on Monday as protesters tried to storm the prime minister's office, Government House.
Four people have died in Thailand's worst political turmoil since the 2010 rallies that ended in violence.
"Anything I can do to make people happy, I am willing to do... but as prime minister, what I can do must be under the constitution," Ms Yingluck said in a televised address.
Anti-government demonstrators have been calling on Ms Yingluck to step down, with protest leader and former opposition politician Suthep Thaugsuban saying on Sunday that Ms Yingluck should resign within the next "two days".
The protesters want to replace the government with an unelected "People's Council", alleging Ms Yingluck's government is controlled by her brother, ousted leader Thaksin Shinawatra.
The protests, which began on 24 November, had been largely peaceful until Saturday, when they became violent.
Over the weekend demonstrators tried to break apart police barricades and storm the prime minister's office, with police using tear gas and water cannon to repel them.
- Sept 2006: Army overthrows government of Thaksin Shinawatra, rewrites constitution
- Dec 2007: Pro-Thaksin People Power Party wins most votes in election
- Aug 2008: Mr Thaksin flees into self-imposed exile before end of corruption trial
- Dec 2008: Mass yellow-shirt protests paralyse Bangkok; Constitutional Court bans People Power Party; Abhisit Vejjajiva comes to power
- Mar-May 2010: Thousands of pro-Thaksin red shirts occupy parts of Bangkok; eventually cleared by army; dozens killed
- July 2011: Yingluck Shinawatra leads Pheu Thai party to general election win
- Nov 2013: Anti-government protesters begin street demonstrations
On Monday, protesters returned to the streets again and more clashes occurred, although correspondents said that demonstrator numbers appeared lower than before.
The mood of the protests appeared considerably nastier than over the weekend, with gangs of young men attempting to provoke riot police and smashing a police car, the BBC's Jonah Fisher in Bangkok reports.
Protesters took control of a garbage truck and a police truck, using them to break through some concrete barricades, AP news agency reported.
Paradorn Pattanathabutr, head of Thailand's National Security Council, told Reuters news agency that security forces were "alternating between the use of water cannons, teargas and rubber bullets."
"Rubber bullets are being used in one area only and that is the bridge near Government House," he added.
Several schools and universities have closed, citing security concerns. Around 60 schools in Bangkok, as well as the main UN office, were shut, AP news agency added.
The protesters had declared Sunday the decisive "V-Day" of what they termed a "people's coup". However, despite clashing with security forces, they failed to seize more government buildings or unseat Ms Yingluck.
Ms Yingluck has said that she would not authorise the use of force against protesters.
In Monday's address, she said: "The military has positioned itself as neutral and it wants to see a peaceful way out."
"I believe that no one wants to see a repeat of history, where we saw the people suffer and lose their lives,'' Mr Yingluck added.
Correspondents say that military commanders had agreed to deploy troops to support the police on condition they would carry no weapons and would stand behind riot police ringing the main government offices.
Ms Yingluck's brother, Mr Thaksin, was ousted in a military coup in 2006 that left the country bitterly divided.
Ms Yingluck's government, which has broad support outside the capital, took office after winning elections in 2011.
But the protesters allege that Mr Thaksin runs the government from overseas exile and accuse the current administration of using populist policies that are hurting Thailand's economy to remain in power.
On Friday Ms Yingluck ruled out early elections, telling the BBC that the country was not calm enough for polls.
Thailand is facing its largest protests since 2010, when thousands of red-shirt Thaksin supporters occupied key parts of the capital.
More than 90 people, mostly civilian protesters, died over the course of the two-month sit-in.
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