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President Rouhani: "Iran poses absolutely no threat to the world or the region"
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani says he is prepared to engage in "time-bound and results-oriented" talks on his country's nuclear programme.
He told the UN General Assembly's annual meeting in New York that sanctions against Iran were "violent".
He also welcomed Syria's acceptance of the Chemical Weapons Convention and condemned the use of such weapons.
Earlier, US President Barack Obama said he was encouraged by Mr Rouhani's "more moderate course".
Analysis
President Rouhani rejected what he sees as the Western conception of a world with a civilised centre and an uncivilised periphery. The result, he said, was a monologue in international relations.
Although the Israeli delegation boycotted his speech, President Rouhani used a very different tone at the UN to that of his predecessor, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The new president condemned what he said was the criminal occupation imposed on the Palestinians, although he used milder language than President Ahmadinejad.
But so far the hopes of a thaw in relations between Iran and the West have been based on atmospherics, not substance. Negotiations later this week between Iran and the five permanent members of the Security Council plus Germany, might show if there has been a change of attitude - on both sides.
He told the General Assembly that the diplomatic approach to settling the dispute over Iran's nuclear programme must be tested.
Mr Rouhani, who was elected earlier this year, has pledged a more open approach in international affairs.
Iran is under UN and Western sanctions over its controversial nuclear programme.
Tehran says it is enriching uranium for peaceful purposes but the US and its allies, including Israel, suspect Iran's leaders of trying to build a nuclear weapon.
'Full transparency'President Rouhani said the "so-called Iranian threat" was imaginary.
"Iran poses absolutely no threat to the world or the region," he said.
"Nuclear weapon and other weapons of mass destruction have no place in Iran's security and defence doctrine, and contradict our fundamental religious and ethical convictions. Our national interests make it imperative that we remove any and all reasonable concerns about Iran's peaceful nuclear programme."
To this end he said Tehran was prepared to engage "immediately in time-bound and result-oriented talks to build mutual confidence and removal of mutual uncertainties with full transparency".
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End Quote US President Barack ObamaThe roadblocks may prove to be too great, but I firmly believe the diplomatic path must be tested"
He criticised the use of international sanctions against Iran, comparing them to the punitive measures used against Iraq while Saddam Hussein was in power.
"These sanctions are violent - pure and simple," he said, adding that it was not political elites that were affected "but rather... the common people".
President Rouhani said that, while condemning any use of chemical weapons "we welcome Syria's acceptance of the Chemical Weapons Convention".
Iran, a staunch ally of Syria, has criticised US threats of military strikes over the deadly chemical weapons attack on 21 August in the suburbs of Damascus.
Speech 'cynical'Syria has since agreed to a joint US-Russian plan to have its chemical weapons arsenal destroyed.
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The real US and Iranian presidents failed to meet at the UN
President Rouhani said Tehran believed that access by extremist groups to chemical weapons "is the greatest danger to the region".
He added: "Simultaneously, I should underline that illegitimate and ineffective threat to use or the actual use of force will only lead to further exacerbation of violence and crisis in the region."
However, President Rouhani's address failed to impress Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who described it as "cynical... full of hypocrisy".
"It had no practical suggestion to stop Iran's military nuclear programme and no commitment to fulfil UN Security Council decisions," he said in a statement.
In his speech, Mr Obama called for a strong UN resolution on Syria's chemical arms.
He said the purpose of such a resolution should be "to verify that the regime is keeping its commitments" to remove or destroy its chemical weapons.
Mr Obama referred to Iranian suffering from chemical weapons at the hands of Iraq when he said the ban on chemical weapons was "strengthened by the searing memories of soldiers suffocated in the trenches; Jews slaughtered in gas chambers; and Iranians poisoned in the many tens of thousands".
The deal for Syria to hand over its chemical weapons by mid-2014 was agreed earlier this month - averting a possible Western military strike.
Differences have since emerged over whether the deal should be enforced by a UN Security Council resolution under Chapter VII of the organisation's charter, which would authorise sanctions and the use of force if Syria did not comply with its obligations.
On Iran, Mr Obama said the US wanted to resolve the nuclear issue peacefully, but was determined to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon.
'Concrete gestures'US media reaction
The Wall Street Journal says Mr Rouhani's refusal to accept Mr Obama's offer of an informal encounter "may not be the most consequential" of diplomatic humiliations "but it is among the most telling."
US conservative Jennifer Rubin, writing in The Washington Post, calls President Obama's speech at the UN "a poor one". "You wonder if there is anyone in this administration... who is appalled by the gap between action and rhetoric and by the complete failure to pair American values and power."
CNN's Fareed Zakaria calls Mr Obama's speech "very intelligent", saying he took on the role of "'explainer in chief', and did it very well".
Seyyed Mohammad Eslami in Iran's conservative Khorasan says: "Obama finally adopted a positive tone in his speech at the United Nations as a result of the perseverance of the Iranians and their insistence on their rights."
Ali Vedayeh in Iran's moderate Mardom Salari says: "Although, the White House's conduct over the past two months shows that it is interested in interaction with Iran, if Obama gives in to the demands of hawkish senators like [John] McCain, the last opportunity for talks with Iran will turn into a threat."
"We are not seeking regime change, and we respect the right of the Iranian people to access peaceful nuclear energy," he insisted - an acknowledgment of the assertion frequently made by Iranian authorities.
"Instead, we insist that the Iranian government meet its responsibilities under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and UN Security Council resolutions."
"The roadblocks may prove to be too great, but I firmly believe the diplomatic path must be tested" he added further into the speech, saying he had urged Secretary of State John Kerry to pursue a deal.
Earlier Mr Rouhani shook hands with French President Francois Hollande, who said he expected "concrete gestures" from Iran to show it was not developing nuclear weapons.
But a much-touted informal encounter between Mr Rouhani and Mr Obama failed to materialise.
On Thursday, Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif will discuss its nuclear programme with US Secretary of State John Kerry - a rare instance of a formal encounter between the counterparts.
The meeting will be attended by foreign ministers from the other four permanent UN Security Council members - the UK, China, France and Russia - and also Germany, which make up the so-called P5+1.
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